German vs Roman Chamomile: What Are The Differences?

Roman and German chamomile essential oils are often confused with each other, and whilst there are some similarities, the subtle differences between them ensure they remain unique.

In this article, we take a closer look at the two different types of chamomiles, how you can use them in aromatherapy and why they are so often mixed up.

What is German Chamomile?

German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla or Matricaria recutita) is an annual herbaceous plant native to southern and western Europe, as well as parts of North Africa and Asia. The plant can grow up to 3 feet in height and has been an integral part of cultures around the world that place a heavy emphasis on natural remedies.

How can you use German chamomile essential oil?

Some of the ways you can use German chamomile essential oil in aromatherapy include:

• In a diffuser: Some people find that the scent of German chamomile can help them to relax, relieve tension and calm the mind. You’ll only need to add a few drops to a diffuser and leave it to diffuse for no more than 30 minutes at a time.
• As a bath soak: The same principles apply when it comes to using the oil as part of our bathing routine. Mix a few drops of the oil with a carrier oil of choice and blend with the water. The scent can offer the same kind of support as you relax and unwind in your bath.
• Through steam inhalation: Another method could be through inhaling the oil and its properties via steam inhalation. Add 1-2 drops of the oil to a bowl of hot water, before leaning over the bowl with a towel over your head and taking several deep breaths.

What is Roman Chamomile?

Roman chamomile essential oil (Chamaemelum nobile) is part of the daisy family and is extracted from the perennial chamomile plant. The plant does not grow as high as German chamomile, reaching anywhere between 3-6 inches in height, although it does tend to sprawl. It has a sweeter scent and is native to certain parts of Europe, North America and South America and like German chamomile it has been used throughout the ages for various natural remedies.

How can you use Roman chamomile essential oil?

Roman chamomile essential oil can be enjoyed in lots of different ways, for example:

• As a massage oil: Roman chamomile essential oil is often used to relax the skin with a calming body massage. Blend a few drops with a tablespoon of carrier oil and rub into the neck, shoulders, back and feet. Always carry out a patch test before you apply an essential oil to your skin, especially if it is your first time using it.
• To promote better sleep: You can diffuse the oil for 30 minutes in your bedroom about an hour before you go to sleep. The calming, herbaceous scent can help to create a restful environment that encourages relaxation so you can drift off faster.
• To blend with other oils: Roman chamomile blends well with frankincense, bergamot, lavender and geranium. There are countless ways you can create your own custom blends for sleep, relaxation or general emotional support.

Why is Roman chamomile and German chamomile mixed up?

The similar names of the two plants is often the starting point of the confusion, although there are other elements that contribute. For example, both plants are members of the aster (Asteraceae) family and have flowers that bloom in a daisy-like fashion. Whilst there is a significant difference in terms of growth, unless you are familiar with the plants the visual differences may not be easy to spot.

The scent of Roman chamomile is sweet and fruity (almost apple like) and German chamomile has a stronger, more herbaceous aroma. When it comes to gardening, they are known for their ability to fend off pests, and their scented blooms also attract pollinators such as bumblebees and butterflies.

Which one should I choose?

When it comes to aromatherapy, it very much depends on your fragrance preferences and the scent you enjoy the most. If you want something a little sweeter, then Roman chamomile could be the best option, or you could scent the air with the herby tones of the German variety. The two oils also blend well together, with Roman chamomile oil acting as a lighter top note, whilst the mid-to-base note of German chamomile provides a stronger undercurrent.

Final thoughts

Both German chamomile essential oil and Roman chamomile essential oil are popular choices within the aromatherapy community. From creating a calming atmosphere through diffusion, inhalation or as a bath oil to promoting better sleep and being used as a massage oil, they can easily be incorporated into your daily routine. They are generally considered safe to use, but if this is your first time, carry out a patch test to check there is no allergic reaction on your skin.